السبت، 21 فبراير 2015

كيف تحافظ على صحتك؟


الصحه هي ما يهم أي إنسان ،فيجب على كل شخص الإهتمام بصحّته وعدم الإهمال في أي تفصيل صغير يمكن أن يؤدّي إلى خلل في صحّته ، إذ يجب على الإنسان المحافظة على صحّته ومتابعتها على شكل مستمر .
الأمور الواجب مراعاتها للحفاظ على صحّة الإنسان :
1.تناول الطعام بطريقة صحيّة : يؤدّي سوء التّغذية إلى إختلال في النظام الغذائي مما يؤدي إلى مشكلة في زيادة الوزن ( البدانه) ، وهي من أكثر المشاكل الشائعه في هذه الأيام ، ولا تقصر هذه الظاهرة على الكبار فقد بل هناك اطفال يعانون من البدانه ، ويمكن أن يكون سببها وراثي .
لذا يجب على الإنسان إتّباع نظام غذائي يساعد على إكتساب الجسم الفيتامينات والزّيوت والمعادن الذي يحتاجها الجسم للنمو السّليم والذي يحافظ على سلامة الجسم والعقل والقلب بشكل صحيح ،من ناحية أخرى يحافظ على نظام محدّد لمعالجة البدانة ومن هذه الأطعمة :
  • الخضروات والفواكه.
  • الحبوب .
  • مشتقات الحليب قليل الدسم أو خالي الدسم .
  • البروتين خالي الدهون .
  • شرب الماء بكميات كثيره (2 لتر).
أمّا الأطعمة التي يجب على الإنسان تجنّبها هي :
  • الدهون والسكريات .
  • الصوديوم .
  • الكلسترول .
  • الكحول.
ويجب على الإنسان التّوازن في النّظام الغذائي ،وتناول الأغذية التي تحتوي على سعرات حراريّة وأهم ما يجب مرتعاته في النظام الغذائي هو تناول وجبة الإفطار لأنّ عدم تناولها يؤدّي إلى تناول وجبات أكثر والتقليل من تناول الحلويّات وعدم الزيادة عن ثلاث وجبات باليوم لعدم زيادة السّعرات الحراريّة.
2.النّوم الجيّد يفيد الجسم والعقل والقلب والصحه :
  • النوم من 7-9 ساعات للبالغين .
  • النوم 10-11 ساعه للاطفال من هم على مقاعد الدراسه .
والنوم هو الوسيلة التي تساعد على عدم الأفراط بالطعام .
3.الصحّة النّفسيّة : من الآثار الجانبيّة هو مشاركة الإنسان شخص آخر لمشاركته همومه وتفاصيل حياته .
4. النّظافة : وهي تساعد على الحد من الأضرار والبكتيريا إذ يجب غسل الأيدي والمحافظة على نظافة الأسنان .
5. رشاقة العقل : ينصح بالقراءة الكثيره والتعلم وحل الألغاز لأن هذا يساعد على التفكير وتجنب التعرّض لمرض الزّهايمر .

نبذة مختصرة عن الشاعر أبو فراس الحمداني

أبو فراس الحمداني
من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة
أبو فراس الحمداني هو أبو فراس الحارث بن سعيد بن حمدان الحمداني التغلبي الوائلي،(320 - 357 هـ / 932 - 968 م).[1] هو شاعر من أسرة الحمدانيين، وهي أسرة عربية حكمت شمال سوريا والعراق وكانت عاصمتهم حلب في القرن العاشر الميلادي .
حياته
كان ظهور الحمدانيين في فترة ضعف العنصر العربي في جسم الخلافة العباسية وهزيمة الفرس والترك. فباشر الحمدانيون الحروب لدعم حكمهم وترسيخ سلطتهم، فاحتل عبد الله، والد سيف الدولة الحمداني وعم شاعرنا، بلاد الموصل وبسط سلطة بني حمدان على شمال سوريا بما فيها عاصمة الشمال حلب وما حولها وتملك سيف الدولة حمص ثم حلب حيث أنشأ بلاطاً جمع فيه الكتاب والشعراء واللغويين في دولة عاصمتها حلب.
أبو فراس في الأسر
كانت المواجهات والحروب كثيرة بين الحمدانيين والروم في أيام أبي فراس، وفي إحدى المعارك خانه الحظ يوماً فوقع أسيراً سنة 347 هـ (959م) في مكانٍ يُعرف باسم "مغارة الكحل". فحمله الروم إلى منطقة تسمى خَرْشَنة على الفرات، وكان فيها للروم حصنٌ منيع، ولم يمكث في الأسر طويلاً، واختُلف في كيفية نجاته، فمنهم من قال إن سيف الدولة افتداه ومنهم من قال إنه استطاع الهرب، فابن خلكان يروي أن الشاعر ركب جواده وأهوى به من أعلى الحصن إلى الفرات، والأرجح أنه أمضى في الأسر ثلاث سنوات.
تحريره من الآسر
تم افتداء وتحرير أبي فراس وبعد مضي سنةٍ على خروجه من الأسر، توفي سيف الدولة 355 هـ (967م) وكان لسيف الدولة مولى اسمه قرغويه طمع في التسلط، فنادى بابن سيده أبي المعالي، أميراً على حلب آملاً أن يبسط يده باسم أميره على الإمارة بأسرها، وأبو المعالي هو ابن أخت أبي فراس. أدرك أبو فراسٍ نوايا قرغويه فدخل مدينة حمص، فأوفد أبو المعالي جيشاً بقيادة قرغويه، فدارت معركةٌ قُتل فيها أبو فراس. وكان ذلك في ربيع الأول سنة 357 هـ (968م) في بلدة صدد جنوب شرق حمص.
أشعاره

لم بجمع أبو فراس شعره وقصائده، إلا أن ابن خالويه وقد عاصره جمع قصائده فيما بعد، ثم اهتم الثعالبي بجمع الروميات من شعره في يتيمته، وقد طبع ديوانه في بيروت سنة 1873م، ثم في مطبعة قلفاط سنة 1900م، وتعتمد الطبعتان على ما جمعه ابن خالويه

What is Karate

Introduction
As being a karateka (karate practitioner), I chose to talk about karate. Karate is the most widely practiced of all the Oriental martial arts. It is not a game of points, weight classes or showy demonstrations. It is a martial art and way of life that trains a practitioner to be peaceful; but if conflict is unavoidable, true karate dictates taking down an opponent with a single blow. Such an action requires strength, speed, focus, control. But these physical aspects are only part of the practice; they are just the vehicle, not the journey itself. The advantage of it above some other combat sports is that usually neither person gets hurt.

Body
History of Karate
The origin of the name "karate" is uncertain, but it is true that it was named not so very long ago. In the past, it was called "te." In those days karate or "te" was practiced secretly according to forms which were passed down from master to only the best and highest student. If there was no qualified student, a form was never passed down and was lost with the passing of the master's generation. As a result of this practice, many forms have disappeared. After the late 19th century, the old policy of secrecy was abandoned and training was conducted in the open. Gradually, karate was recognized by the public, and for the first time there was a ray of hope for karate in the future. Karate was accepted as part of advancing civilization; its physical, educational and cultural values were confirmed. It had completely won public approval. In 1904, karate was officially adopted as part of the physical education program in Shuri Elementary School. This was the first group instruction in karate history. In 1930, karate people began to participate in different exhibitions and demonstrations of the Japanese martial arts on the occasion of the opening festivals in Tokyo.

 

Practice
Karate can be practiced as an art, as a sport, as a combat sport, or as self defense training. Weapons are an important training activity in some styles of karate.Karate training is commonly divided into kihon (basics or fundamentals), kata (forms), and kumite (sparring).

Kihon

Karate styles place varying importance on kihon. Typically this is performance in unison of a technique or a combination of techniques by a group of karateka. Kihon may also be prearranged drills in smaller groups or in pairs.

 

Kata

Kata means literally "shape" or "model." Kata is a formalized sequence of movements which represent various offensive and defensive postures. These postures are based on idealized combat applications. The applications when applied in a demonstration with real opponents is referred to as a Bunkai. The Bunkai shows how every stance and movement is used. Bunkai is a useful tool to understand a kata.

 

Kumite

Sparring in Karate is called kumite. It literally means "meeting of hands." Kumite is practiced both as a sport and as self-defense training.
Levels of physical contact during sparring vary considerably. Full contact karate has several variants. Knockdown karate uses full power techniques to bring an opponent to the ground. In kickboxing variants (for example K-1), the preferred win is by knockout. Sport kumite in many international competition under the World Karate Federation is free or structured with light contact or semi contact and points are awarded by a referee.

 

Dojo Kun

Dojo Kun is a set of guidelines for karateka to follow. These guidelines apply both in the dojo (training hall) and in everyday life.

 

Rank

In 1924 Gichin Funakoshi, founder of Shotokan Karate, adopted the Dan system from the judo founder Jigoro Kano using a rank scheme with a limited set of belt colors. Requirements of rank differ among styles, organizations, and schools. Kyū ranks stress stance, balance, and coordination. Speed and power are added at higher grades.

Shotokan Karate


Gichin Funakoshi is widely considered as the “father” of modern day karate. He was born in the Shuri prefecture in Okinawa in 1868 and at the age of 11 began to study Karate under two of Okinawa’s top masters. In time, he became a master in his own right and in 1922 he was invited to demonstrate karate to the Japanese public for the very first time. The demonstration was such a success he was invited to stay in Japan and teach, which he did with great success.For Sensei Funakoshi, the word ‘karate’ eventually took on a deeper meaning than just martial arts training, transforming into what is has become known as karate-do, the ‘way of the empty hand. The establishment of the JKA (Japan Karate Association) lead the way to the spread of Shotokan karate throughout the world.

The Twenty Precepts of Karate
Before he established the JKA, Master Funakoshi Gichin laid out the Twenty Precepts of Karate, which form the foundations of the art. Within these twenty principles, based heavily on Bushido and Zen, lies the philosophy of the JKA.
1.
Never forget: karate begins with rei and ends with rei (Rei means courtesy or respect, and is represented in karate by bowing)
2.
There is no first attack in karate
3.
Karate supports righteousness
4.
First understand yourself, then understand others
5.
The art of developing the mind is more important than the art of applying technique
6.
The mind needs to be freed
7.
Trouble is born of negligence
8.
Do not think karate belongs only in the dojo
9.
Karate training requires a lifetime
10.
Transform everything into karate; therein lies its exquisiteness
11.
Genuine karate is like hot water; it cools down if you do not keep on heating it
12.
Do not think of winning; you must think of not losing
13.
Transform yourself according to the opponent
14.
The outcome of the fight depends on one’s control
15.
Imagine one’s arms and legs as swords
16.
Once you leave the shelter of home, there are a million enemies
17.
Postures are for the beginner; later they are natural positions
18.
Do the kata correctly; the real fight is a different matter
19.
Do not forget control of the dynamics of power, the elasticity of the body and the speed of the technique
20.
Always be good at the application of everything that you have learned.

 

Karate and its influence outside Japan

Soviet Union

Karate appeared in the Soviet Union in the mid-1960s, during Nikita Khrushchev's policy of improved international relations. The first Shotokan clubs were opened in Moscow's universities. In 1973, however, the government banned karate—together with all other foreign martial arts—endorsing only the Soviet martial art of sambo. Failing to suppress these uncontrolled groups, the USSR's Sport Committee formed the Karate Federation of USSR in December 1978. On 17 May 1984, the Soviet Karate Federation was disbanded and all karate became illegal again. In 1989, karate practice became legal again, but under strict government regulations, only after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 did independent karate schools resume functioning, and so federations were formed and national tournaments in authentic styles began.

Europe

In the 1950s and 1960s, several Japanese karate masters began to teach the art in Europe, but it was not until 1965 that the Japan Karate Association (JKA) sent to Europe four well-trained young Karate instructors Taiji Kase, Keinosuke Enoeda, Hirokazu Kanazawa and Hiroshi Shirai. Kase went to France, Enoeada to England and Shirai in Italy. These Masters maintained always a strong link between them, the JKA and the others JKA masters in the world, especially Hidetaka Nishiyama in the USA.

Italy

Hiroshi Shirai, one of the original instructors sent by the JKA to Europe along with Kase, Enoeda and Kanazawa, moved to Italy in 1965. By 1970 Shotokan karate was the most spread martial art in Italy apart from Judo. Other styles such as Wado Ryu, Goju Ryu and Shito Ryu, although present and well established in Italy, were never able to break the monopoly of Shotokan.

Conclusion
All in all, we can say that Karate is one of the essential parts of a person’s life. For as Gichin Funakoshi marked:"The ultimate aim of Karate lies not in victory or defeat, but in the perfection of the character of its participants". I hope I succeeded in catching some of your attention to look forward and search further more about this unique martial art also known as Karate.